Deuteronomy 28 Summary and Study Guide

“The head, and not the tail.” Of all sixty-eight verses here, that is the line people search for most, and it carries a condition inside the same sentence that promises it. This Deuteronomy 28 summary and study guide lays out both halves of what Moses set before Israel, and what that condition was.

Setting the Stage

God promised this land to Abraham and put himself under a binding agreement to give it (Genesis 15:18). Centuries on, his family had become a nation, and that nation had spent forty years in the wilderness after refusing to go in. The people camped on the plains of Moab are the children of the ones who refused.

That agreement had terms, and in the chapter just before this one Moses had the people accept them out loud. The Levites called out twelve curses and the whole nation answered Amen to each, ending with “Cursed be he that confirmeth not all the words of this law to do them” (Deuteronomy 27:26). Anyone who fails to keep this law, they agreed, stands under God’s judgment. Deuteronomy 28 spells out what they had just said Amen to.

Comprehensive Deuteronomy 28 Summary

Moses opens with a condition. If Israel listens to God’s voice and does what he commands, God will set the nation above every nation on earth. Six blessings follow, covering the city and the field, children and crops and livestock, the basket they carried food in and the trough they kneaded bread in, and every coming and going.

The next eight verses fill them out. Enemies who attack by one road will run away by seven. Barns will be full, rain will arrive in season, and Israel will lend to nations and borrow from none, standing as the head rather than the tail. Above all of that sits verse 9, where God promises to establish them as a holy people belonging to himself.

Verse 15 turns the same condition around, and the six blessings come back as curses. What follows runs for fifty-three verses, and it deepens through five stages, each one taking away more than the last. Sickness and drought cost Israel their health and their harvest. Defeat and plunder then cost them what the harvest bought, while they stand and watch other people carry it off. Exile costs them their king and their land.

At verse 47 Moses stops and says why all of it is coming: they did not serve God with joy while they had everything. From there the army God sends closes every gate, and the famine inside the walls drives parents to eat their own children. The last stage takes away even the exodus, sending a nation God once carried out of Egypt back into it by ship, offered for sale with nobody willing to buy.

One Word Summary

• Choice: the whole chapter turns on one word repeated in both halves, “if”.
• Mirror: the second half hands the first half back reversed, right down to head and tail.
• Escalation: the warnings deepen through five stages, each taking more than the last.

In One Sentence

Moses sets before Israel the full terms of their covenant, fourteen verses of blessing if they obey God, one verse turning from the first outcome to the second, and fifty-three of curse if they do not, so that a nation about to cross into the land knows exactly what it is agreeing to.

Theme of Deuteronomy 28

Deuteronomy 28 is about covenant accountability. Israel keeps the land by holding to the God who brought them out of Egypt and loses it by turning from him, and he sets out both outcomes in advance so that neither one can arrive as a surprise. Two ideas run alongside that main one.

God is shown as sovereign over every part of ordinary life, including rain, harvest, health, war, and the mind itself. And Israel is shown as visible to the watching nations either way, either as a people called by the LORD’s name or as a byword among them.

Deuteronomy 28 Outline

• Deuteronomy 28:1-2: Moses states the condition and promises that the blessings will pursue and overtake an obedient Israel.
• Deuteronomy 28:3-6: Six blessings cover place, offspring, food, and every coming and going.
• Deuteronomy 28:7-8: God routs the enemies who attack Israel and commands his blessing on their storehouses and their work.
• Deuteronomy 28:9-10: God establishes Israel as a holy people belonging to himself, and the watching nations see whose name they carry.
• Deuteronomy 28:11-14: God gives plenty, opens the sky for rain in season, and sets Israel as lender and head, on the condition that they turn aside to no other gods.
• Deuteronomy 28:15: The same condition is stated in reverse, and the curses are promised the same pursuit.
• Deuteronomy 28:16-19: Six curses answer the six blessings.
• Deuteronomy 28:20-26: Disease, drought, defeat in battle, and bodies left unburied.
• Deuteronomy 28:27-34: Incurable sickness, blindness and madness, and everything they own taken in front of them.
• Deuteronomy 28:35-44: Their king carried into exile, their crops eaten by locusts and worms, and the foreigner among them rising as they fall.
• Deuteronomy 28:45-46: Moses sums up the pursuit and calls the curses a sign and a wonder on Israel and their descendants.
• Deuteronomy 28:47-48: Moses names the reason, and Israel is sentenced to serve their enemies under a yoke of iron.
• Deuteronomy 28:49-52: A nation from the end of the earth arrives, eats everything, and besieges every walled city.
• Deuteronomy 28:53-57: The siege closes in and starving families turn on their own children.
• Deuteronomy 28:58-63: The diseases of Egypt return, the nation is reduced to a few, and God uproots them from the land.
• Deuteronomy 28:64-68: Scattered among all nations with no rest, they are carried back to Egypt in ships and offered for sale with no buyer.

The Six Blessings and the Six Curses

The heart of the covenant terms is a matched pair. Moses says “blessed” six times in verses 3 to 6 and “cursed” six times in verses 16 to 19, over the same six parts of a life. The KJV’s “store” here is the trough where bread dough was kneaded.

The two middle rows sit in opposite order. Among the blessings, children and harvest come before the basket and the kneading trough; among the curses, the basket and the kneading trough come first. Everything else lines up word for word. Israel is hearing the same six parts of their own life read back to them upside down, and that is what gives the second list its force.

Observations from Deuteronomy 28

Blessing Is Spoken First (28:3-14 before 28:16-68)

Moses could have opened with the warning. He opens with twelve verses of blessing, and only then turns the condition around at verse 15. Matthew Henry read the order as saying something about God before either list does, that he is slow to anger and quick to show mercy, and that it is his delight to bless.

On that reading, God puts what he would rather give first. Read only the warnings and you get the chapter’s size right and its tone wrong.

Blessing and Curse Both Overtake (28:2, 28:15, 28:45)

The same picture is used on both sides. In verse 2 the blessings “shall come on thee, and overtake thee”, and in verse 15 the curses “shall come upon thee, and overtake thee”. Both are pictured as chasing Israel down. Verse 45 says it a third time about the curses and adds “and pursue thee”. Whichever set of terms Israel chooses, that set runs after them until it catches them.

The Curse Section Runs Nearly Four Times Longer (28:1-14 against 28:15-68)

Two explanations sit in the older commentaries and they do not cancel each other out. Covenant documents written between kings and peoples in that part of the world routinely carried longer curse lists than blessing lists, so the shape would have been familiar to anyone hearing it.

The Expositor’s Bible Commentary suggested a second reason: the consequences of a broken law can be listed and counted, and the goodness of God cannot, so a full account of the blessings would have needed more room than a chapter has. Both are readings, not statements the chapter itself makes.

The Reason Is Stated Once, at Verse 47

“Because thou servedst not the LORD thy God with joyfulness, and with gladness of heart, for the abundance of all things” (28:47). They did not serve God gladly when they had plenty of everything.

The wording points at how they served rather than at whether they served at all: they went on serving him joylessly at the very time he was giving them the most. That is the only reason the chapter gives for what went wrong while Israel had plenty.

Difficult Verses Explained

What Does “The Head, and Not the Tail” Mean in Deuteronomy 28:13?

It describes a nation’s standing among other nations, not an individual’s success. The verse before it says what that means in practice: “thou shalt lend unto many nations, and thou shalt not borrow” (28:12). Israel would be the one giving loans rather than taking them, setting terms rather than accepting them.

The promise also carries its condition in the same sentence, “if that thou hearken unto the commandments of the LORD thy God” (28:13), which is to say, if they listen to what God commands. Verse 44 shows the picture reversed, with the foreigner lending to Israel and holding the head position instead.

Why Does Deuteronomy 28:63 Say God Will Rejoice to Destroy Them?

The verse sets God’s pleasure in doing right beside his pleasure in doing good, and it is stated that starkly on purpose. “As the LORD rejoiced over you to do you good… so the LORD will rejoice over you to destroy you” (28:63) says that God will take the same satisfaction in carrying out the sentence that he took in giving the blessing.

Older commentators such as Matthew Poole and Joseph Benson read it as God delighting in his own justice being done rather than in the suffering itself, and Keil called it a deliberately bold way of speaking, meant to remove the last hope Israel might have that the terms would not really be enforced.

Whatever weight a reader gives that reading, it has to be held with what God says elsewhere in his own voice: “I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth” (Ezekiel 18:32). God says he takes no pleasure in the death of anyone who dies.

What Does Deuteronomy 28:68 Mean by Going Back to Egypt in Ships?

It is the exodus run backwards. God brought Israel out of Egypt on dry ground with the sea parted in front of them; here they are carried back over that same sea packed into ships, and offered for sale as slaves. Returning to the house of slavery is the end of the nation’s story as a redeemed people, and Moses puts it last.

The final clause is the worst of it: “and no man shall buy you” (28:68). Nobody will even want them as slaves. Josephus records Jewish captives being shipped to Egypt and sold after the fall of Jerusalem in AD 70 in such numbers that the market could not absorb them, and much of the commentary tradition has read that as the fulfilment.

Why Are the Siege Verses in Deuteronomy 28:53-57 So Terrible?

They describe what siege starvation actually did to people, and Israel’s own Scripture records it happening twice. In 2 Kings 6:28-29 two women inside besieged Samaria agree to eat their sons, and one of them tells the king what they did.

Lamentations 4:10 says of the fall of Jerusalem, “The hands of the pitiful women have sodden their own children.” Tender-hearted women cooked their own children and ate them. Moses is telling Israel in advance what a siege does to people, and it happened.

Common Misunderstandings

• That Deuteronomy 28:1-14 is a personal prosperity promise. The blessings are national and territorial, they concern one land God is giving to one people, and they sit inside a condition Moses repeats in verses 1, 2, 9 and 13. Reading verse 12 as a guarantee that a believer will never borrow money takes a clause about Israel’s standing among nations and turns it into a private financial promise the verse does not make.
• That the blessings can be claimed on their own. The blessings and the curses are two halves of one agreement, and Israel had already said Amen to both in the previous chapter (Deuteronomy 27:26). Verses 12 and 13 are on the same page as verses 15 to 68.
• That prosperity proves God’s approval and hardship proves his displeasure. These are covenant terms given to a nation, and turning them into a rule about individuals is the mistake Job’s friends make, arguing from his suffering back to his sin (Job 4:7-8). Jesus rejected the same reasoning outright when his disciples assumed a man’s blindness had to be somebody’s sin: “Neither hath this man sinned, nor his parents: but that the works of God should be made manifest in him” (John 9:3). Neither the man nor his parents caused it, Jesus said, and God had his own purpose in it.
• That Deuteronomy 28:68 predicts the transatlantic slave trade. What the verse names is Egypt, ships, sale into slavery, and no buyer. It does not name any later century, continent, or people, and building an identification of a modern group on it means adding to the verse what the verse does not say.

Christ Connection

The New Testament makes this connection itself, and it makes it with this chapter’s own material. When Paul explains what the law does to those who fail to keep it, he quotes the covenant curse formula directly: “Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them” (Galatians 3:10). Anyone who does not keep the whole law, Paul says, stands under its curse.

Three verses later he says what Christ did with that curse: “Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us” (Galatians 3:13). Jesus took the position Deuteronomy 28 describes, standing where the covenant-breaker stood, on behalf of people who had earned it.

Paul then names the result: “That the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles through Jesus Christ” (Galatians 3:14). The blessing crosses to the nations because the curse was carried by someone else.

That is why the two halves of this chapter do not land on the Christian reader in the same way they landed on Israel at Moab. Several further threads run from here to Christ:

• The blessing of verse 9, to be “an holy people unto himself”, is what Peter says the church now is, “an holy nation, a peculiar people” (1 Peter 2:9).
• The blessing the New Testament does promise the believer is named in Ephesians 1:3, where God “hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ”.
• Jesus used this chapter’s language when he warned about Jerusalem, describing armies surrounding the city and calling them “the days of vengeance, that all things which are written may be fulfilled” (Luke 21:20-22), and his words in Matthew 24:28 echo the eagle image of Deuteronomy 28:49.
• The problem the chapter exposes, a people who cannot keep the terms they agreed to, is answered two chapters later, where God promises to “circumcise thine heart” so that they will love him (Deuteronomy 30:6). That heart change is what Paul points toward when he writes of a circumcision “of the heart, in the spirit” (Romans 2:29).

When, Where, and Why

• When: the eleventh month of the fortieth year after Israel left Egypt (Deuteronomy 1:3), at the very end of the wilderness years and shortly before Moses died.
• Where: the plains of Moab, east of the Jordan River, with Canaan in sight across the water. The ceremony these terms belong to was set for Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, inside the land, once they had crossed over (Deuteronomy 27:11-13). Everything promised or threatened here concerns life in a land they could see across the water and had not yet entered.
• Why: Moses gives these terms so that a second generation, one that had just agreed to the covenant out loud, would go in knowing both outcomes in advance. Their parents had been given the same kind of terms at Sinai, in Leviticus 26, and this chapter is the fuller version handed to the children. Nothing that later happened to Israel could then be a surprise, which is exactly how Daniel and Nehemiah later read their own history. The appeal Moses is building toward comes two chapters on: “I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing: therefore choose life” (Deuteronomy 30:19).

Key Verses

“And it shall come to pass, if thou shalt hearken diligently unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to observe and to do all his commandments which I command thee this day, that the LORD thy God will set thee on high above all nations of the earth.”

Deuteronomy 28:1

To “hearken diligently” is to listen hard to what God says and then act on it, and if Israel does that, he will lift the nation above every other nation on earth. Everything in the chapter hangs on that opening “if”, and it is the sentence verse 15 later turns around.

“The LORD shall establish thee an holy people unto himself, as he hath sworn unto thee, if thou shalt keep the commandments of the LORD thy God, and walk in his ways.”

Deuteronomy 28:9

God will settle Israel permanently as a people set apart and belonging to him, just as he promised on oath. Among promises about crops, cattle, weather and war, this one is about who Israel belongs to, and it names what the others were for.

Key Lessons from Deuteronomy 28

• God lays out both outcomes before either one arrives, blessing first and warning second, so his people are never left guessing what the terms are (28:1, 28:15).
• The best thing promised here may be God himself rather than the harvest, since verse 9 offers Israel a relationship and not a crop (28:9).
• A promise lifted out of the condition attached to it in the same sentence has stopped being that promise (28:13, 28:14).
• Serving God without gladness while enjoying his abundance is what Moses names as the root of Israel’s collapse, which makes seasons of plenty worth watching closely (28:47).
• God follows these warnings with a promise to gather his people again when they turn back to him, which points them toward return rather than only toward ruin (28:15; Deuteronomy 30:1-3).

To see how the whole book fits together chapter by chapter, read our Book of Deuteronomy Summary by Chapter. And to go deeper into what this chapter teaches, read our full study: Lessons from Deuteronomy 28.

Bible Study Questions

1. Compare Deuteronomy 28:3-6 with 28:16-19. Which six areas of life appear in both lists, and what changes between them?
2. The word “if” appears at verses 1, 2, 9, 13, 15 and 58. What does its placement in both halves of the chapter tell you about how the covenant worked?
3. Verse 9 promises something the other blessings do not. Why might Moses have placed it in the middle of the list rather than at the beginning or the end?
4. Read Deuteronomy 28:47 twice over. What is the difference between refusing to serve God and serving him without joy, and why does God treat the second one as seriously as he does here?
5. Set 28:12-13 beside 28:43-44. What exactly is reversed, and what does the reversal suggest about where Israel’s standing among the nations came from?
6. Read Galatians 3:10-14 alongside this chapter. What does Paul say happened to the curse described here, and how should that change the way a Christian reads Deuteronomy 28:15-68?

Frequently Asked Questions

Deuteronomy 28, The Full Text (KJV)

Read the full chapter below for reference.

1 And it shall come to pass, if thou shalt hearken diligently unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to observe and to do all his commandments which I command thee this day, that the LORD thy God will set thee on high above all nations of the earth:

2 And all these blessings shall come on thee, and overtake thee, if thou shalt hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God.

3 Blessed shalt thou be in the city, and blessed shalt thou be in the field.

4 Blessed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy ground, and the fruit of thy cattle, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep.

5 Blessed shall be thy basket and thy store.

6 Blessed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and blessed shalt thou be when thou goest out.

7 The LORD shall cause thine enemies that rise up against thee to be smitten before thy face: they shall come out against thee one way, and flee before thee seven ways.

8 The LORD shall command the blessing upon thee in thy storehouses, and in all that thou settest thine hand unto; and he shall bless thee in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.

9 The LORD shall establish thee an holy people unto himself, as he hath sworn unto thee, if thou shalt keep the commandments of the LORD thy God, and walk in his ways.

10 And all people of the earth shall see that thou art called by the name of the LORD; and they shall be afraid of thee.

11 And the LORD shall make thee plenteous in goods, in the fruit of thy body, and in the fruit of thy cattle, and in the fruit of thy ground, in the land which the LORD sware unto thy fathers to give thee.

12 The LORD shall open unto thee his good treasure, the heaven to give the rain unto thy land in his season, and to bless all the work of thine hand: and thou shalt lend unto many nations, and thou shalt not borrow.

13 And the LORD shall make thee the head, and not the tail; and thou shalt be above only, and thou shalt not be beneath; if that thou hearken unto the commandments of the LORD thy God, which I command thee this day, to observe and to do them:

14 And thou shalt not go aside from any of the words which I command thee this day, to the right hand, or to the left, to go after other gods to serve them.

15 But it shall come to pass, if thou wilt not hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to observe to do all his commandments and his statutes which I command thee this day; that all these curses shall come upon thee, and overtake thee:

16 Cursed shalt thou be in the city, and cursed shalt thou be in the field.

17 Cursed shall be thy basket and thy store.

18 Cursed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep.

19 Cursed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and cursed shalt thou be when thou goest out.

20 The LORD shall send upon thee cursing, vexation, and rebuke, in all that thou settest thine hand unto for to do, until thou be destroyed, and until thou perish quickly; because of the wickedness of thy doings, whereby thou hast forsaken me.

21 The LORD shall make the pestilence cleave unto thee, until he have consumed thee from off the land, whither thou goest to possess it.

22 The LORD shall smite thee with a consumption, and with a fever, and with an inflammation, and with an extreme burning, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish.

23 And thy heaven that is over thy head shall be brass, and the earth that is under thee shall be iron.

24 The LORD shall make the rain of thy land powder and dust: from heaven shall it come down upon thee, until thou be destroyed.

25 The LORD shall cause thee to be smitten before thine enemies: thou shalt go out one way against them, and flee seven ways before them: and shalt be removed into all the kingdoms of the earth.

26 And thy carcase shall be meat unto all fowls of the air, and unto the beasts of the earth, and no man shall fray them away.

27 The LORD will smite thee with the botch of Egypt, and with the emerods, and with the scab, and with the itch, whereof thou canst not be healed.

28 The LORD shall smite thee with madness, and blindness, and astonishment of heart:

29 And thou shalt grope at noonday, as the blind gropeth in darkness, and thou shalt not prosper in thy ways: and thou shalt be only oppressed and spoiled evermore, and no man shall save thee.

30 Thou shalt betroth a wife, and another man shall lie with her: thou shalt build an house, and thou shalt not dwell therein: thou shalt plant a vineyard, and shalt not gather the grapes thereof.

31 Thine ox shall be slain before thine eyes, and thou shalt not eat thereof: thine ass shall be violently taken away from before thy face, and shall not be restored to thee: thy sheep shall be given unto thine enemies, and thou shalt have none to rescue them.

32 Thy sons and thy daughters shall be given unto another people, and thine eyes shall look, and fail with longing for them all the day long: and there shall be no might in thine hand.

33 The fruit of thy land, and all thy labours, shall a nation which thou knowest not eat up; and thou shalt be only oppressed and crushed alway:

34 So that thou shalt be mad for the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see.

35 The LORD shall smite thee in the knees, and in the legs, with a sore botch that cannot be healed, from the sole of thy foot unto the top of thy head.

36 The LORD shall bring thee, and thy king which thou shalt set over thee, unto a nation which neither thou nor thy fathers have known; and there shalt thou serve other gods, wood and stone.

37 And thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword, among all nations whither the LORD shall lead thee.

38 Thou shalt carry much seed out into the field, and shalt gather but little in; for the locust shall consume it.

39 Thou shalt plant vineyards, and dress them, but shalt neither drink of the wine, nor gather the grapes; for the worms shall eat them.

40 Thou shalt have olive trees throughout all thy coasts, but thou shalt not anoint thyself with the oil; for thine olive shall cast his fruit.

41 Thou shalt beget sons and daughters, but thou shalt not enjoy them; for they shall go into captivity.

42 All thy trees and fruit of thy land shall the locust consume.

43 The stranger that is within thee shall get up above thee very high; and thou shalt come down very low.

44 He shall lend to thee, and thou shalt not lend to him: he shall be the head, and thou shalt be the tail.

45 Moreover all these curses shall come upon thee, and shall pursue thee, and overtake thee, till thou be destroyed; because thou hearkenedst not unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to keep his commandments and his statutes which he commanded thee:

46 And they shall be upon thee for a sign and for a wonder, and upon thy seed for ever.

47 Because thou servedst not the LORD thy God with joyfulness, and with gladness of heart, for the abundance of all things;

48 Therefore shalt thou serve thine enemies which the LORD shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee.

49 The LORD shall bring a nation against thee from far, from the end of the earth, as swift as the eagle flieth; a nation whose tongue thou shalt not understand;

50 A nation of fierce countenance, which shall not regard the person of the old, nor shew favour to the young:

51 And he shall eat the fruit of thy cattle, and the fruit of thy land, until thou be destroyed: which also shall not leave thee either corn, wine, or oil, or the increase of thy kine, or flocks of thy sheep, until he have destroyed thee.

52 And he shall besiege thee in all thy gates, until thy high and fenced walls come down, wherein thou trustedst, throughout all thy land: and he shall besiege thee in all thy gates throughout all thy land, which the LORD thy God hath given thee.

53 And thou shalt eat the fruit of thine own body, the flesh of thy sons and of thy daughters, which the LORD thy God hath given thee, in the siege, and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall distress thee:

54 So that the man that is tender among you, and very delicate, his eye shall be evil toward his brother, and toward the wife of his bosom, and toward the remnant of his children which he shall leave:

55 So that he will not give to any of them of the flesh of his children whom he shall eat: because he hath nothing left him in the siege, and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall distress thee in all thy gates.

56 The tender and delicate woman among you, which would not adventure to set the sole of her foot upon the ground for delicateness and tenderness, her eye shall be evil toward the husband of her bosom, and toward her son, and toward her daughter,

57 And toward her young one that cometh out from between her feet, and toward her children which she shall bear: for she shall eat them for want of all things secretly in the siege and straitness, wherewith thine enemy shall distress thee in thy gates.

58 If thou wilt not observe to do all the words of this law that are written in this book, that thou mayest fear this glorious and fearful name, THE LORD THY GOD;

59 Then the LORD will make thy plagues wonderful, and the plagues of thy seed, even great plagues, and of long continuance, and sore sicknesses, and of long continuance.

60 Moreover he will bring upon thee all the diseases of Egypt, which thou wast afraid of; and they shall cleave unto thee.

61 Also every sickness, and every plague, which is not written in the book of this law, them will the LORD bring upon thee, until thou be destroyed.

62 And ye shall be left few in number, whereas ye were as the stars of heaven for multitude; because thou wouldest not obey the voice of the LORD thy God.

63 And it shall come to pass, that as the LORD rejoiced over you to do you good, and to multiply you; so the LORD will rejoice over you to destroy you, and to bring you to nought; and ye shall be plucked from off the land whither thou goest to possess it.

64 And the LORD shall scatter thee among all people, from the one end of the earth even unto the other; and there thou shalt serve other gods, which neither thou nor thy fathers have known, even wood and stone.

65 And among these nations shalt thou find no ease, neither shall the sole of thy foot have rest: but the LORD shall give thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and sorrow of mind:

66 And thy life shall hang in doubt before thee; and thou shalt fear day and night, and shalt have none assurance of thy life:

67 In the morning thou shalt say, Would God it were even! and at even thou shalt say, Would God it were morning! for the fear of thine heart wherewith thou shalt fear, and for the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see.

68 And the LORD shall bring thee into Egypt again with ships, by the way whereof I spake unto thee, Thou shalt see it no more again: and there ye shall be sold unto your enemies for bondmen and bondwomen, and no man shall buy you.