Somewhere in the middle of Matthew 23 most honest Christians stop reading and start worrying. The men Jesus tears into here were the most devout, Bible-honouring men in Jerusalem. They prayed. They tithed. They knew their Scriptures better than most of us know ours. And Jesus called them actors, blind men, and whitewashed graves.
So the chapter forces a harder question than what went wrong with those men. It asks whether the same thing could be growing in you, and how you would ever know.
The lessons from Matthew 23 gathered here are written for that unease. They are also written for anyone who has been on the receiving end of religion like this. Jesus saw both, and He had something to say to both.
Table of Contents
- Brief Summary of Matthew 23
- Lesson 1: The Lessons from Matthew 23 Were Aimed at Jesus’ Own Followers (Matthew 23:1)
- Lesson 2: Obey the Truth Even When the Teacher Fails to Live It (Matthew 23:2-3)
- Lesson 3: Do Not Let Your Words Run Further Than Your Life (Matthew 23:3)
- Lesson 4: Real Authority Lifts Burdens Instead of Loading Them (Matthew 23:4)
- Lesson 5: The Difference Between a Hypocrite and a Struggling Believer Is the Audience (Matthew 23:5)
- Lesson 6: Watch What Your Heart Loves, Not Just What Your Hands Do (Matthew 23:6-7)
- Lesson 7: When a Reminder of God Becomes an Advertisement of You (Matthew 23:5)
- Lesson 8: No Man Stands Between You and God (Matthew 23:8-10)
- Lesson 9: Greatness in God’s Kingdom Is Measured by Who You Serve (Matthew 23:11)
- Lesson 10: God Brings Down the Self-Promoter and Lifts the Humble (Matthew 23:12)
- Lesson 11: You Can Block a Door You Never Walked Through (Matthew 23:13)
- Lesson 12: Never Use Prayer as a Cover for What You Are Doing to People (Matthew 23:14)
- Lesson 13: Zeal Is Not Proof of Godliness (Matthew 23:15)
- Lesson 14: God Hears the Promise You Are Trying to Escape (Matthew 23:16-22)
- Lesson 15: Justice, Mercy and Faith Come First, and the Small Obediences Still Stand (Matthew 23:23)
- Lesson 16: Strain at Gnats Long Enough and You Will Swallow a Camel (Matthew 23:24)
- Lesson 17: Clean the Inside First and the Outside Will Follow (Matthew 23:25-26)
- Lesson 18: A Beautiful Life Can Still Be a Buried One (Matthew 23:27-28)
- Lesson 19: Honouring Dead Prophets Is Easy; Hearing a Living One Is Hard (Matthew 23:29-31)
- Lesson 20: Pretending Can Cost You Your Sight (Matthew 23:16, 24, 26)
- Lesson 21: God Keeps Sending Messengers to People Who Will Not Hear Them (Matthew 23:33-34)
- Lesson 22: Behind the Hardest Words Jesus Ever Spoke Is a Heart That Wanted to Gather You (Matthew 23:37)
- Lesson 23: The Heaviest Judgment Is Being Left With What You Chose (Matthew 23:38)
- Lesson 24: Matthew 23 Ends With an Open Door (Matthew 23:39)
- Conclusion
Brief Summary of Matthew 23
Matthew 23 records the last public sermon Jesus preached before the cross. Speaking to the crowds and to His disciples in the temple courts, He warns them about the scribes and Pharisees, the respected teachers of the law, and then turns and addresses those teachers directly with eight woes.
He charges them with shutting people out of the kingdom, exploiting widows, making converts worse than themselves, twisting oaths, tithing herbs while ignoring justice and mercy, polishing the outside of their lives while the inside rots, and honouring dead prophets while resisting the living God. The chapter ends with Jesus weeping over Jerusalem.
DAILY BREAKTHROUGH BREAD
A slice of Scripture every morning
One short, Christ-centered devotional in your inbox every day. Free, and you can unsubscribe any time.
Read also: Book of Matthew Summary by Chapter 1-28
Lesson 1: The Lessons from Matthew 23 Were Aimed at Jesus’ Own Followers (Matthew 23:1)
Matthew 23:1: “Then spake Jesus to the multitude, and to his disciples.”
Before a single woe is pronounced, Matthew tells us who is listening. Jesus preaches this sermon to the crowd and to His disciples. The Pharisees hear it, and it lands on them, but the men Jesus is protecting are the ones who will lead His church in a few weeks’ time. What He hands them is a mirror.
That changes how the whole chapter must be read. Every warning in it was given to people who loved Jesus, because people who love Jesus are exactly the people who can drift into performing for men without noticing it happening. The scribes did not begin as frauds. They began as serious students of God’s word who wanted to get it right, and somewhere along the way the wanting turned outward.
Every reader feels the pull to hand this chapter to someone else. The pastor who hurt you, the church that burned you, the Christian at work whose life does not match his talk: they all fit these verses so neatly. And the moment you place the chapter on them, it stops working on you, which is the one thing it was given to do.
Read the twenty-three lessons that follow with your own name written into them.
Lesson 2: Obey the Truth Even When the Teacher Fails to Live It (Matthew 23:2-3)
Matthew 23:2-3: “The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses’ seat: All therefore whatsoever they bid you observe, that observe and do; but do not ye after their works: for they say, and do not.”
You may have sat under a leader whose life fell apart, or watched a teacher you trusted turn out to be someone you never knew. It is a wound that makes people walk away from the message along with the man.
Jesus refuses to let His disciples do that. Before He dismantles the Pharisees, He affirms their seat. Moses’ seat was a genuine position of teaching authority in the synagogue, and Jesus tells the crowd to do what these men teach from it. Their hypocrisy is real, and He spends twenty verses exposing it. Their doctrine was still God’s law, and God’s law still binds everyone who hears it.
A true word does not stop being true because the mouth that spoke it was false. That is a mercy, because it means your obedience never rested on your teacher’s integrity in the first place. It rested on God’s word, and God’s word is still standing.
The failure of a man you trusted is a grief to be honest about before God. It was never a release.
Lesson 3: Do Not Let Your Words Run Further Than Your Life (Matthew 23:3)
Matthew 23:3: “…for they say, and do not.” (KJV)
Four words hold the whole indictment. They say, and do not. The gap between the sentence and the life is where the rot lives.
Most Christians hand this verse to preachers. It belongs to everyone. You teach every time you correct a child, give advice to a friend, hold a standard over someone else, or share a verse you are not currently obeying. The moment your words describe a life you are not living, you are standing where the Pharisees stood, with a smaller audience and the same problem.
The distance between what you know and what you have become is no scandal to God. He measured it long before you noticed it, and Christ died to close it. What He refuses is for you to grow comfortable inside that gap, teaching from a height you have never climbed. Where have your words gone further than your feet? Sit with that one for a while before you answer it.
Lesson 4: Real Authority Lifts Burdens Instead of Loading Them (Matthew 23:4)
Matthew 23:4: “For they bind heavy burdens and grievous to be borne, and lay them on men’s shoulders; but they themselves will not move them with one of their fingers.”
The scribes had built a system of rules on top of God’s law, and the whole weight of it fell on ordinary people who were trying to please God. The men who designed the load would not touch it with a finger.
Notice what God is like by contrast. The same Jesus who says this had already said, “Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest” (Matthew 11:28-30). His yoke is easy. His burden is light.
Any version of Christianity that leaves you crushed under requirements Christ never gave has been handed to you by a man. Some readers carry a weight laid on them by a church, a leader, or a family standard, and they have assumed the exhaustion is what following God feels like. Jesus watched that being done to people, and He called it what it was.
The burden Christ gives is real, and it is light. If what you carry has crushed you, take it back to Him and ask Him honestly which part of it He actually gave you.
Lesson 5: The Difference Between a Hypocrite and a Struggling Believer Is the Audience (Matthew 23:5)
Matthew 23:5: “But all their works they do for to be seen of men…” (KJV)
Am I one of them? That is the question this chapter puts in the mouth of every sincere Christian who reads it, and Jesus answers it in a single line.
The word translated “hypocrite” was the ordinary word for a stage actor. An actor plays to a house. His whole craft is aimed at the people watching him, and he is judged by how they respond. The sin Jesus names in verse 5 is having an audience in mind, and that audience is not God.
So the test is never whether you fail. Every believer fails, and the man weeping over his sin in the back row is no Pharisee. The test is who you are performing for. A struggling Christian sins and grieves before God. A hypocrite sins and manages his reputation before people.
Which means the fear you may be feeling as you read this chapter is itself evidence you are not the man it condemns. A whitewashed tomb feels nothing when Jesus says whitewashed tomb.
Ask God to show you the audience you have actually been playing to. Then aim your obedience at the only face that matters.
Read also: Does God Love Me Even Though I Keep Sinning
Lesson 6: Watch What Your Heart Loves, Not Just What Your Hands Do (Matthew 23:6-7)
Matthew 23:6-7: “And love the uppermost rooms at feasts, and the chief seats in the synagogues, And greetings in the markets, and to be called of men, Rabbi, Rabbi.”
What would it cost you if nobody ever noticed your service again? Hold that question while you read what Jesus says about these men.
He does not say they took the best seats. He says they loved them. The seat was only the place where the appetite showed itself, and Jesus goes past the behaviour to the hunger underneath it.
An appetite behaves differently from a mistake. It grows. It goes looking for food. It will settle for applause in a smaller room if the big room is closed to it, and it feeds happily on being thanked, being consulted, being known as the one who prays well. You can starve an appetite, but you cannot correct it the way you correct an error, because it has no interest in being corrected. It wants to be fed.
The honest way in is to notice what disappoints you. When your work went unmentioned, or someone else was thanked for it, what died in you? That reaction, and not your record of service, is the reading on the gauge.
Lesson 7: When a Reminder of God Becomes an Advertisement of You (Matthew 23:5)
Matthew 23:5: “…they make broad their phylacteries, and enlarge the borders of their garments.” (KJV)
Both items were God’s own idea. The phylacteries were small boxes holding portions of the law, worn on the head and hand from a literal reading of Deuteronomy 6:8. The fringes on the garment were commanded in Numbers 15:38-40 so that a man would look down, see them, and remember God’s commandments.
They were given so a man would look at himself and remember God. The Pharisees widened them until they faced outward. A thing built to remind you had been turned into a thing that tells others about you.
Nothing on that list was wrong in itself, and that is what makes this so searching. The Bible left open on the table, the posture in worship, the verse in the caption, the fast nobody was supposed to know about: every one of them can stay exactly the same while its direction reverses.
Ask the Lord to turn your helps back around. Let the things given to remind you face you again.
Lesson 8: No Man Stands Between You and God (Matthew 23:8-10)
Matthew 23:8-10: “But be not ye called Rabbi: for one is your Master, even Christ; and all ye are brethren. And call no man your father upon the earth: for one is your Father, which is in heaven.”
Three prohibitions, and Jesus gives a reason for each one. The reason is never modesty and never manners. Every time, it is that Christ is unrivalled and believers are brothers.
The vocabulary of respect was never the issue. Scripture itself calls Abraham a father, and Paul writes to the Corinthians as a father to his own children in the faith. What Jesus forbids is the thing the titles were doing in Jerusalem, where a class of men had positioned themselves as the gateway to God, and access to Him ran through them.
That system gets rebuilt in every generation, and it does not need robes to do it. It needs only a believer who cannot pray without a stronger Christian standing nearby, or a church where the leader’s word functions as the final word over Scripture itself.
Every believer in the room is a brother. The seat between you and the Father is already occupied, and Christ has no intention of vacating it. You have direct access to God through Him. Use it today, without a middleman.
Lesson 9: Greatness in God’s Kingdom Is Measured by Who You Serve (Matthew 23:11)
Matthew 23:11: “But he that is greatest among you shall be your servant.”
Jesus never tells the disciples to stop wanting greatness. He tells them where it is kept.
That is a striking thing to do in the middle of a sermon against ambition. He could have crushed the desire outright. Instead He redirects it, because the wish to matter is not itself the disease. The disease is hunting for it in a seat, a title, or a platform, when God has hidden it in a towel and a basin. By heaven’s count, the greatest man in any room is the one serving the people in it.
Which means greatness is available to you this week, and nobody has to hand it to you. The mother awake at two in the morning, the believer stacking chairs after everyone has gone home, the man who covers a colleague’s mistake and never mentions it: heaven is watching a different scoreboard from the one you keep checking. Whose name would appear if God measured your week by who you served?
Read also: Parable of the Faithful and Wise Servant
Lesson 10: God Brings Down the Self-Promoter and Lifts the Humble (Matthew 23:12)
Matthew 23:12: “And whosoever shall exalt himself shall be abased; and he that shall humble himself shall be exalted.”
You will be tempted to lift yourself, because the room rarely does it for you. Jesus says the room is not the only thing in play.
Look at who is acting in this verse. God abases. God exalts. Both halves are His work, and He states it as a standing law of His kingdom rather than as a hopeful proverb about how life tends to turn out. The Pharisees were managing their own promotion with great care, and Jesus tells them there is a second hand on the scales, one they cannot see and cannot bribe.
That cuts both ways, which is why this verse is good news for the believer nobody has ever noticed. If God is the one who lifts, then the lifting does not depend on being seen by the right people, or on saying the right thing at the right moment, or on a platform you were never given.
God has taken the job of promotion out of your hands. He does it better than you would, and He does it at the right time.
Lesson 11: You Can Block a Door You Never Walked Through (Matthew 23:13)
Matthew 23:13: “But woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye shut up the kingdom of heaven against men: for ye neither go in yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering to go in.”
The first woe falls on men whose own lostness cost other people. They stood in the doorway of the kingdom, refusing to enter, and their bodies blocked the way for everyone behind them who wanted in.
Doors get shut in ordinary ways. A believer talks about outsiders in a tone that would make any outsider who overheard it decide never to come. A church makes the gospel sound like a set of cultural requirements Christ never issued. A Christian’s temper at work becomes the reason a colleague concludes this faith changes nothing in anybody.
God’s heart in this verse deserves a long look. He is angry on behalf of the people who were trying to get in. He noticed them. He counted them. He held the men standing in their way responsible for every one of them.
Somebody is watching you decide what following Jesus looks like. Listen to how you speak about the people outside, because they can hear you, and the door you are standing in was never yours.
Lesson 12: Never Use Prayer as a Cover for What You Are Doing to People (Matthew 23:14)
Matthew 23:14: “Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye devour widows’ houses, and for a pretence make long prayer: therefore ye shall receive the greater damnation.”
Can a prayer be a sin? In this verse it is. The long prayer was the wrapping paper around the crime, and God tears the paper off in front of everyone.
Widows in that world had no protector and no income. These men took what little such women had, and the length of their praying made them look like the safest men in Jerusalem to trust with an estate. Religion had become the instrument by which the weak were robbed.
Two things sit in this verse and neither can be missed. God is fierce about how the vulnerable are treated, and He counts the offence higher when a religious reputation was the tool. Jesus says these men receive the greater damnation, which tells us plainly that judgment has degrees, and that using God’s name to gain access to someone weighs heavy on that scale.
Worship of any length leaves untouched what you are doing to a person. God sees the transaction and the prayer at the same time, and He never confuses the two.
Read also: Reasons Why Our Prayers Are Not Answered
Lesson 13: Zeal Is Not Proof of Godliness (Matthew 23:15)
Matthew 23:15: “Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye compass sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, ye make him twofold more the child of hell than yourselves.”
If you serve hard, this is the most frightening verse in the chapter. These men crossed sea and land for a single convert. Nobody worked harder. And Jesus says the product of all that effort was a man twice as far from God as the men who made him.
Effort proves nothing on its own. A person reproduces what he is rather than what he says, and sincerity does not sterilise what gets passed on. The Pharisee gave his convert everything he had, and what he had was performance, so performance is what the convert received, now carried with all the energy of a new man.
God has never been impressed by mileage. What He wants is a heart that belongs to Him, and out of that heart comes a life worth reproducing in somebody else. Before you ask God to expand what you are doing for Him, what would it mean to ask Him what you are actually passing on?
Lesson 14: God Hears the Promise You Are Trying to Escape (Matthew 23:16-22)
Matthew 23:16, 22: “Woe unto you, ye blind guides, which say, Whosoever shall swear by the temple, it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by the gold of the temple, he is a debtor!… And he that shall swear by heaven, sweareth by the throne of God, and by him that sitteth thereon.”
Hardly anyone preaches this passage, and it may be the most modern thing in the chapter. The scribes had built a grading system for oaths. Swear by the temple and you could walk away from it. Swear by the gold of the temple and you were bound. They had engineered a way to sound committed while keeping an exit.
We have our own version of the machinery. The promise made with a mental footnote. The commitment given in a tone that leaves room to deny it later. The letter of an agreement honoured while its whole spirit is gutted. The phrase “I never actually said I would” doing the work the temple oath used to do.
Jesus closes every exit at once. Swear by heaven, He says, and you have sworn by the throne of God and by Him who sits on it. There is no corner of your speech outside His hearing, and no promise you can word your way out of.
Go back to the person you slipped, and keep the promise you technically never made.
Lesson 15: Justice, Mercy and Faith Come First, and the Small Obediences Still Stand (Matthew 23:23)
Matthew 23:23: “Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye pay tithe of mint and anise and cummin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith: these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.”
The Pharisees counted out the leaves of their garden herbs so that God would receive His tenth of the mint. They built the practice on Leviticus 27:30, and on its own terms it was obedience.
Jesus tells them there are weightier matters. Judgment, mercy and faith sit heavier on God’s scale than herb-tithing, and a man who has the small things right while justice and mercy lie in ruins has failed. That much gets preached often, and it is true.
Then comes the half of the verse almost everyone drops. “These ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.” Jesus does not release them from the mint. He refuses the trade. The small obedience still stands, and the weightier matters are to be added to it rather than swapped for it.
That closes the escape route in both directions. You cannot use careful giving to excuse a hard heart toward the person you have wronged. And you cannot use your compassion as a reason to let the small obediences slide, because the God who weighs mercy heavier never called the mint optional.
Take up the heavier things. Keep the smaller ones exactly where they are.
Read also: Is Grace a License to Sin
Lesson 16: Strain at Gnats Long Enough and You Will Swallow a Camel (Matthew 23:24)
Matthew 23:24: “Ye blind guides, which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.”
Have you noticed how much easier it is to hold a hard line on something small? Stricter Jews poured their drink through cloth so that no unclean insect would pass their lips. Jesus takes the smallest unclean creature in their world and the largest one, and puts them in the same sentence. The men filtering their wine had murder already in motion.
Scruples in small things offer no protection at all in large ones, and they can even supply the cover, because a man busy measuring gnats feels careful. Feeling careful is often the last thing a man does before he swallows something enormous without ever tasting it.
It can be easier to hold a strong position on a minor practice than to face bitterness that has sat in the chest for ten years, or a habit nobody knows about, or a relationship you have allowed to die while calling it peace. What is the camel? You most likely know already. The gnats have been keeping you busy.
Lesson 17: Clean the Inside First and the Outside Will Follow (Matthew 23:25-26)
Matthew 23:25-26: “…ye make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are full of extortion and excess. Thou blind Pharisee, cleanse first that which is within the cup and platter, that the outside of them may be clean also.” (KJV)
You may have tried to fix yourself from the outside in. New habits, new rules, a stricter schedule, a promise made for the fourth time. The change lasted roughly as long as your willpower did.
Jesus gives an order in this verse, and the order is the whole lesson. Begin inside. Then read the last clause, because it is a promise and it is easy to skate past: “that the outside of them may be clean also.” He is telling you what happens once the inside is dealt with. The outside follows.
That is a word of hope for a tired believer. You have been scrubbing the visible surface of your life and wondering why it keeps clouding over. God asks for something else. Open the part of you that nobody can see, and let Him wash that, because what He cleans there works its way out.
Bring Him what is inside the cup. He has never once recoiled from it, and He is not standing back waiting for you to clean it yourself first.
Lesson 18: A Beautiful Life Can Still Be a Buried One (Matthew 23:27-28)
Matthew 23:27-28: “…ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men’s bones, and of all uncleanness. Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.” (KJV)
The insult is sharper than it first looks. Tombs were painted white so that no one would brush against one unaware, because touching a grave made a person unclean for seven days (Numbers 19:11). The whitewash was a warning label that happened to look attractive.
So Jesus takes the men who had built their entire lives around avoiding defilement and tells them, in their own vocabulary, that they are the defilement. Their reputation was the paint. Underneath it, bones.
The stakes here are not untidiness or a bad week. What Jesus finds inside the tomb is death, and a life can look admirable to every person who knows it while that is the condition inside. The man in the tomb can be the last to find out, because he has been reading his reviews instead of his diagnosis.
When did you last let another believer see the inside of your life, and when did you last look at it yourself in the presence of God?
Read also: Parable of the Pharisee and Publican Meaning
Lesson 19: Honouring Dead Prophets Is Easy; Hearing a Living One Is Hard (Matthew 23:29-31)
Matthew 23:29-31: “Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because ye build the tombs of the prophets, and garnish the sepulchres of the righteous, And say, If we had been in the days of our fathers, we would not have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets. Wherefore ye be witnesses unto yourselves, that ye are the children of them which killed the prophets.”
Why is a dead prophet so much easier to love? He asks nothing of you. You can decorate his grave, quote him warmly, and admire the courage it would have taken to stand beside him, all while resisting the living voice telling you the truth this week.
Watch what Jesus does with their defence. They said, if we had lived back then, we would not have shared in the blood of the prophets. He turns that sentence into evidence against them. The very words a man uses to prove he would have been different can become the proof that he is not, because a man who was truly different would be listening now, and the Prophet was standing in front of them.
Every generation of Christians reveres the reformers, the martyrs, and the preachers of the last century, and grows impatient with the brother trying to correct them on a Tuesday. Admiration of dead saints costs nothing at all.
Open the correction you have been avoiding, and hear it as from God.
Lesson 20: Pretending Can Cost You Your Sight (Matthew 23:16, 24, 26)
Matthew 23:16, 26: “Woe unto you, ye blind guides… Thou blind Pharisee, cleanse first that which is within the cup and platter…” (KJV)
The chapter has two names for these men and it stacks them again and again. Hypocrite, the actor. And blind. Blind guides, ye fools and blind, thou blind Pharisee.
The two are one disease at two stages. A man begins by managing what others see of him. He knows he is doing it, and at first it troubles him. In time the managing becomes second nature, and what once troubled him no longer registers at all. The Pharisees were not pretending to be unable to recognise the Messiah standing in front of them. By that point, they genuinely could not.
That is the sober warning underneath the whole chapter, and Scripture states it without softening it. Pretending can cost a person the ability to perceive, and the loss can come gradually enough that it arrives without any announcement. God is under no obligation to keep giving light to a man who keeps performing in it.
If something in you still flinches while reading these verses, that flinch is a gift from God. Do not preach it away.
Lesson 21: God Keeps Sending Messengers to People Who Will Not Hear Them (Matthew 23:33-34)
Matthew 23:33-34: “Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the damnation of hell? Wherefore, behold, I send unto you prophets, and wise men, and scribes: and some of them ye shall kill and crucify…”
Why does Jesus keep sending men to a city He knows will kill them? He states plainly what they will do to His messengers, and then He sends them anyway.
Look also at the shape of verse 33. It is a question, not a sentence pronounced. A judge who has finished does not argue with the accused. The fact that Jesus is still speaking to these men, still warning, still naming what is coming, is itself an act of mercy, and it is easy to miss because the words are so severe.
God’s warnings are among the kindest things He does. He owes no one an alarm, and the alarm is only ever sounded while there is still time to move. That He keeps sending truth into a heart that keeps refusing it says something about His patience that should stop us where we stand.
Read also: Importance of Repentance in the Bible
Lesson 22: Behind the Hardest Words Jesus Ever Spoke Is a Heart That Wanted to Gather You (Matthew 23:37)
Matthew 23:37: “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets, and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not!”
After eight woes, this. The voice that called them serpents breaks, and the picture He reaches for is a hen pulling her chicks under her wings while something terrible crosses the yard.
This verse is the key to everything before it. The anger in this chapter belonged to a man who had never stopped loving the people He was rebuking. It was grief with teeth in it. He wanted to gather them, and He says so twice over in one sentence.
Then the last three words land, and they are the hardest in the chapter. “Ye would not.” The verb is theirs, and it is a verb of the will. The judgment here traces back to people who refused shelter that was genuinely and repeatedly offered, and Scripture lets that stand without an explanation to soften it.
The wings are still spread. What is it in you that keeps stepping back from them?
Lesson 23: The Heaviest Judgment Is Being Left With What You Chose (Matthew 23:38)
Matthew 23:38: “Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.”
You can keep every outward part of a religious life running long after God has withdrawn from it, and that warning is buried in one changed pronoun. Two chapters earlier, standing in the same temple, Jesus had called it “my house” (Matthew 21:13). Now it is “your house.” Nothing is thrown down in this verse. No fire falls, no wall cracks. Someone walks out, and the leaving is itself the judgment.
The building still stands. The services will go on. The incense will burn again tomorrow morning, and the courts will fill, and the room will be empty of the only Presence that ever made it worth entering. The machinery of religion is entirely capable of running without God, and it will run for years.
That was true of a temple. It can be true of a church, a ministry, or a private devotional habit that has kept its shape long after it lost its life.
Lesson 24: Matthew 23 Ends With an Open Door (Matthew 23:39)
Matthew 23:39: “For I say unto you, Ye shall not see me henceforth, till ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord.”
The most severe sermon Jesus ever preached ends on the word “till.”
That word carries enormous weight. He does not say never. He sets a condition, and a condition is a door.
There is a day, He says, when they will greet Him with the words of Psalm 118, the words the pilgrims sang, the welcome He was denied. The chapter of woes ends looking forward to a welcome.
Which tells you what to do with everything you have felt while reading this. Conviction and condemnation are two different things, and only one of them comes from God. The Christ who exposed every hidden thing in the temple that day is the same Christ who spread His arms over the city that would kill Him, and then let it kill Him for its sake.
He does not search you in order to be rid of you. He searches you because He intends to have you. Come and say it: blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord.
Read also: Am I Beyond Repentance
Frequently Asked Questions About Matthew 23
What does “woe unto you” actually mean in Matthew 23?
“Woe” is a word of grief as much as a word of judgment. The Old Testament prophets used it to announce that disaster was coming on a people, and the tone sat closer to a funeral cry than to a curse. When Jesus says “woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees,” He is pronouncing real judgment on real sin, and the eight woes stand as a solemn verdict that Scripture never softens. The chapter itself tells us how to hear the tone, because it ends with Jesus weeping over the very city He has just indicted. The severity is genuine, and so is the sorrow underneath it. Holding both together is one of the hardest lessons from Matthew 23 to learn.
Who was Zacharias son of Barachias in Matthew 23:35?
Jesus speaks of “Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar.” The most likely person is the Zechariah of 2 Chronicles 24:20-22, a priest who rebuked Judah for forsaking the LORD and was stoned in the court of the house of the LORD. Some readers point out that Chronicles stands last in the Hebrew ordering of the Old Testament, so a sweep from Abel in Genesis to Zechariah in Chronicles would cover the whole span of Scripture’s record of murdered righteous men. That reading is a reasonable inference rather than something the text states, and it is fair to hold it as one way scholars understand the verse.
Is Matthew 23:39 a promise that Israel will one day receive Christ?
Many Christians read it that way, and there is real weight behind the view. Jesus says they will not see Him “till ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord,” and Paul writes in Romans 11 that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in. Other believers understand the verse as pointing to the second coming, when every eye shall see Him. This article leaves the question open, since Scripture stops short of spelling it out here. What the verse plainly says is that a door was left standing open, and that much is enough to proclaim the Gospel.
Did Jesus forbid using the word “father” for anyone on earth?
Jesus was not policing vocabulary. Scripture itself calls Abraham a father, commands children to honour their fathers, and lets Paul write to the Corinthians as a father to his own children in the faith. The target in Matthew 23:9 is a system in which a class of men had made themselves the gateway to God, so that a believer’s access to the Father ran through them. That arrangement is what Jesus abolishes, and He gives the reason in the verse itself: one is your Father, which is in heaven. Every believer in the room is a brother, and Christ alone stands between God and man.
Were all the Pharisees hypocrites?
The New Testament does not paint them all with one brush. Nicodemus was a Pharisee, and he came to Jesus by night and later helped to bury Him. Joseph of Arimathaea, a member of the council, gave his own tomb for Christ’s body. Paul was a Pharisee before Christ met him on the Damascus road, and he never stopped taking God’s law seriously, only the idea that keeping it could make a man righteous. Matthew 23 is aimed at a sin, and the sin it names is one any Christian in any century can commit.
Related Articles to Read Next
- Bible Matthew 23 Quiz with Answers
- What Is Cheap Grace
- 20 Hindrances to Spiritual Growth
- Steps of Repentance
Conclusion
You came into this chapter worried, and that was the right instinct. The lessons from Matthew 23 do their work by taking the question out of your hands and placing it in God’s, where it was always going to be answered. He knows what is inside the cup. He always did. The same voice that named every hidden thing in the temple that day broke a few verses later over a city that refused to come to Him. That is who examines you: a Saviour with His arms open, saying how often would I have gathered. Bring Him the inside of your life. The door He left open at the end of this chapter is standing open still.






